Quality assurance and performance testing of RDTs Manufacturers surveyed for the World malaria report 2021 reported that globally 3.1 billion RDTs for malaria were sold in 2010–2020, with nearly 81% of these sales being to sub-Saharan African countries. In the same period, national malaria programmes distributed 2.2 billion RDTs – 88% in sub-Saharan Africa. In recent years, RDT testing has been significantly expanded around the world. Though there are variations among the more than 200 malaria RDT products on the market, the principles of the tests are similar. Obtained from a finger-prick and results are available within 15–30 minutes. falciparum infection, or between specific species. ovale) and some further distinguish between P. Some RDTs detect a single species (either P. Malaria RDTs detect specific antigens (proteins) produced by malaria parasites that are present in the blood of infected individuals. RDTs are relatively simple to perform and interpret, they rapidly provide results, require limited training, and allow for the diagnosis of malaria at the community level. In remote areas with limited access to good quality microscopy services. Malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) have the potential to greatly improve the quality of management of malaria infections, especially The RDTs that can be procured through the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria are listed on the World Health Organisation's list of prequalified in vitro diagnostics.WHO recommends prompt parasite-based diagnosis in all patients suspected of malaria before treatment is administered. vivax in samples containing 200 parasites/µL. As a consequence, many RDTs might fail to detect P. vivax infections, lower expression of the specific antigen being detected for this species, and poorer performance of the reagents used for this specific antigen. 3 This is due to a combination of lower parasite density in P. falciparum, and uptake has been slow and inconsistent. vivax have relatively poor performance compared with those for P. vivax clinical cases.Īntibodies and antigens currently used for the detection of Plasmodium spp. vivax RDTs that do have significantly improved sensitivity – with the objective of reducing the number of missed P. falciparum, a number of initiatives are ongoing to develop P. 1 While the sensitivity of pLDH-detecting RDTs is often not as good as that achieved by HRP2-based RDTs for P. vivax is the parasite lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH). There the most suitable antigen for the species-specific detection of P. RDTs work by capturing dye-labelled antibodies bound to specific parasite antigens. They require no infrastructure or apparatus and can be used at the point-of-care, including in very remote areas. Regardless of the format, they are typically very simply to use, requiring no specialist services and minimal training. RTDs are available in various formats (dipstick, cassette or hybrids). These tests require a drop of peripheral blood, normally collected from a finger or heel prick. Visual read-outs are available typically within 20 mins or less. Malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) assist in the diagnosis of malaria by detecting evidence of malaria parasites (antigens) in human blood.
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